05.+MARC+and+other+encoding+standards*


 * 5. MARC and other encoding standards**

Information on standards submitted by groups. Please separate sections with the use of a scroll bar.

IFLA. Universal bibliographic control and international MARC core programme. Retrieved October 1, from [] IMIST. Finalization de l'abrégé du manuel. //La lettre de l'IMIST//. Retrieved October 1, from [] Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn.:Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series). ||  ||
 * **UNIMARC** (Taylor & Jodrey, p. 140) || **L'UNIMARC** : Un format de catalogage à usage interne avec un regard tourné vers l’extérieur (IMIST, 2007) || Universal Marc was developed as a vehicle for interchange of Marc records between national bibliographic agencies. The purpose of UNIMARC, therefore, is to facilitate the description, retrieval and control of bibliographic items. This is achieved by providing a structure for recording bibliographic information which is input by reference to international standards. The UNIMARC format is available to all agencies concerned with the exchange of bibliographic information. In practice, though, UNIMARC is orientated towards the requirements of libraries. Unimarc involves three elements of bibliographic record: Record structure, content designation, and data content. The record structure is designed to control the representation of data by storing it in the form of strings of characters known as //fields.// UNIMARC provides content designation only for data which is applicable to all copies of a work. The content is the data which is stored in the fields within the record. Data can be coded data or bibliographic data. (IFLA, 2009) || 20100926 || 31 ||
 * Bibliography

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 141) || **XML** || **XML** (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language designed for Web documents to enable the inclusion of data about themselves //within// the document, allowing the document to carry with them specifications that guide their processing independent of any specific software application (Chan, 2007, p. 551). || 20100913 || 53 ||
 * **XML**
 * Bibliography**

Chan, L. M. (2007). //Cataloging and classification: an introduction//. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc.

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

There are fields for the heading, reference tracing etc. (LOC, 2005) || 20100926 || 86 || [] []
 * **Fields** || **Zones**
 * (LAC-BAC, 2004)** || A seperately designated part of an encoded record; it may contain one or more subfields.(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009 p. 456)

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 142) || **Langage Normalisé Général de Balisage** (**SGML**) (Lupovici, 1997) || SGML is a language used for describing markup languages, otherwise known as a metalanguage (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 142). It is an international standard for document markup for machine readability, so that documents may be interchanged across computer platforms (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 142,471).
 * **Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)**

SGML is a system for defining the format in a text document (Cleveland, 2009). Each markup language defined as SGML is called an SGML application(Cleveland, ). Ex: HTML is a SGML application.

A SGML document uses a seperate Document Type Definition (DTD) file that defines the format codes or tags embedded in it. || 20201002 || 86 || Cleveland, Tara. (2009). //MACCAWS glossary//. The business case for web standards. Retrieved on October 3, 2010 from []
 * Bibliography**

Lupovici,Catherine. (1997). //Cataloguer en SGML: de l'étiqettage au balisage.//63rd IFLA general conference-conference programme and proceedings-August 31st-September 5, 1997. Retrieved on October 3, 2010, from [].

Taylor, Arlene G. & Joudrey, Daniel N. (2009). //The organization of information.// (3rd ed.) Wesport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series)


 * **Term** || **Term in French** || **Definition** || **Date** || **Number** ||
 * Encoded Archival Description (EAD) (Taylor & Joudrey, 2008, p. 147) || L’Encoded Archival Description (EAD) (Salaun & Arsenault, 2009, 65) || An XML schema created specifically to encode finding aids in archival settings (Taylor & Joudrey, 2008, p. 454). As with other DTDs and schemas, EAD does not specify intellectual content but defines the encoding designations. It eases the ability to exchange finding aids among institutions and allows users to find out about collections in distant places (Taylor & Joudrey, 2008, p. 147). || 20101005 || 15 ||

Bibliography

Salaun, J.-M. & Arsenault, C. (2009). //Introduction aux sciences de l'information.// Montreal, Canada: Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal.

Taylor, Arlene G. & Joudrey, Daniel N. (2009). //The organization of information.// (3rd ed.) Wesport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series)


 * **TEI (Text Encoding Iniative)** (Taylor & Joudrey, p. 147) || La **TEI** (TEI U5 FR: La TEI simplifiée, 1996, 1 Introduction) || The acronym TEI signifies “text encoding initiative”. It is a national organization, which was founded more than twenty years ago in order to develop guidelines for encoding machine-readable texts. Both the anarchy that dominates the scientific community and the increasing number of treatment that researchers execute on electronic text are a big part of TEI origin. These guidelines can be used by anyone working with digital text. It can be used to create new information or to exchange existing data. TEI is funded by members and grants. The guide can be viewed online, free of charge, but a hard copy can also be purchased. You can also become a member by registering online.

The main goal of the Text Encoding Initiative is to develop and maintain a set of high-quality guidelines for the encoding of humanities texts. These guidelines require ongoing development and research, as they hope to describe a textual domain that is still being explored and support research approaches that are still evolving. The TEI hopes to be supported by a wide community of projects, institutions, and individuals. Therefore, their guidelines are made available online in various formats such as HTML, PDF, and XML source, and also in print through the University of Virginia Press. The guidelines are also published in many other languages besides English, including French. Many resources are available for learning the TEI guidelines, and these include training sessions provided by members of the TEI community and online tutorials.

The TEI Guidelines were created in response to an overwhelming need to have a compatible system to create sustainable and shareable archives. The intellectual foundation for Text Encoding Initiative was articulated at a meeting of various scholars in 1987. By 1994, an official version of the Guidelines (‘P3’) was released. The TEI Consortium, an international membership organization, was created in 1999 to maintain, continue developing and promote the TEI.

The TEI Consortium is organized as a non-profit membership consortium, led by a Board of Directors composed by both elected and non-elected representatives. The Board of Directors provide strategic direction and fiscal oversight, organize the TEI’s main activities, and coordinate fundraising and member recruiting. Members and subscribers of the TEI Consortium are institutions such as universities, libraries, academic projects, research units, and individuals. The TEI is supported financially and logistically by four host institutions, which make an annual host contribution of cash and in-kind services in support of the TEI's activities. With the exception of some administrative and editorial functions, all of the TEI's activities are conducted on a volunteer basis.

(TEI: FAQ, 2010) || 20101005 ||


 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

TEI: FAQ. (2010). //TEI: Text Encoding Initiative//. Retrieved on October 4 2010 from http://www.tei-c.org/About/faq.xml.

TEI U5 FR: La TEI simplifiée. (1996). //TEI: Text Encoding Initiative//. Récupérée le 4 Octobre 2010 à http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/Lite/teiu5_fr.html#toc_SEC1.