03.+History+of+information+organization


 * 3. History of information organization**


 * **Term in English** || **Traducation francaise** || **Definition** || **Date** || **no**. ||

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2008, p. 76 ) || La **Bibliothèque du Congrès** (Arts graphiques, 2009) || **The Library of Congress** is the nation's oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library's mission is to make its resources available and useful to the Congress and the American people and to sustain and preserve a universal collection of knowledge and creativity for future generations. The Office of the Librarian is tasked to set policy and to direct and support programs and activities to accomplish the Library's mission. (Billington, James H., 2009) || 20100909 || 22 ||
 * **The Library of Congress**

Bibliography Arta graphiques. (2009). //Bibliothèque du Congrès//. Retrieved September 22, 2010, from __ [] __

Billington, James H. (2009). //About the library.// Retrieved September 09, 2010, from http://www.loc.gov/about/

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2008). //The organization of information// (3 rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn. :Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 68) || **Colophon** (Mediadico, 2010) || A set of data at the end of a resource that gives varying kinds of bibliographic data. It might give information usually found on a title page, and, in items after the invention of printing with moveable type, it gives such information as date of printing, printer, typeface used, and the like. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 450) || 20100912 || 67 ||
 * **Colophon**

Bibliography  Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

Mediadico (2010), Retrieved September 20, 2010, from Mediadico: []



(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 77) || **RDA (Ressources Description et Accès) (**RDA-JSC, 2010) || RDA is a new cataloguing standard for resource description and access developped to replace AACR2 ( Anlgo-American Cataloguing Rues, 2nd ed.). (RDA-JSC, 2010) Based on FRBR and FRAD models, RDA is a complete set of guidlines and instuctions that encompasses all types of content and media. (JSC-RDA, 2010) RDA also supports the clustering of bibliographic records to show relationships between works and their creators. (JSC-RDA, 2010) || 20100916 || 86 ||
 * **RDA (Resource Description and Access)**
 * Bibliography**

Joint steering committee for development of RDA (JSC-RDA). (2010). //RDA : Resource description and access.// Retrieved on September 16, 2010 from []

Joint steering committee for development of RDA (JSC-RDA). (2010). //Ressources: description et accès: le standard de catalogage pour le 21ième siecle.// Retrieved on September 16, 2010 from []

Taylor, Arlene G. & Joudrey, Daniel N. (2009). //The organization of information//. (3rd ed.) Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 79) || Classification à facettes (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p. 229) || a subject concept arrangement that has small notations standing for subparts of the whole topic, which, when strung together, usually in prescribed sequence, create a complete classification notation for a multipart concept. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 456) || 20100917 || 62 ||
 * **Faceted classification** aka:analytico-synthetic

**Bibliography **

Salaün, J.-M. et Arsenault, C. (Eds.). (2009). //Introduction aux sciences de l'information.// Montréal: Les Presses de L'Université de Montréal. Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D .N. (2009). //The organization of information//. (3rd ed.) Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).


 * **Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 78) || **Répertoire de Vedettes-matière** **de la Bibliothèque du Congrès** || The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) were formalized in 1975 as an extension of the existing Library on Congress List first published in 1914 under the title of //Subject Headings Used in Dictionary Catalogues of the Library of Congress// (Taylor & Joudrey, p. 78). Subject headings are an integral part of bibliographic control as they determin how and where individual documents are placed in relation to other materials pertaining to the same or similar subjects within a controlled vocabulary. However as Lois Mai Chan states, "the subject heading's list was developed in especially close connection with the Library's collection. It was not conceived at the outset as, nor has it ever been intended to be, a comprehensive system covering the universe of knowledge" (as cited in Mason, 2010, ¶3, An Overview of LCSH), indicating that the system may exude biases.

Usually two or three headings are used per item and allow for an easy association between various topics and subjects that an item may pertain to, and it's related subjects (Mason, ¶6, An Overview of 20th Century Architecture Within LCSH). Each heading can contain subdivisions which can either be topical, form, chronological, or geographic. For example in (Archaeology -- Egypt) Archaeology is the subject heading and Egypt is the geographic subdivision (Library of Congress Subject Headings Guide, 2004, p.4). Other examples of LCSH classification include:

Women—Massachusetts—History—Indexes Women—United States—Bibliography Women artists—United States—Exhibitions—Periodicals African American women artists—Biography—History and criticism

(Library of Congress Subject Headings, 2010, ¶6-12, Library of Congress Subject Headings) || 20100923 || 29 ||


 * Bibliography**

Library of Congress Subject Headings. (2010). //The Library of Congress//. Retrieved on September 23 2010 from http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awgc1/lc_subject.html

Library of Congress Subject Headings Guide. (2004). //University of Mississippi Libraries//. Retrieved on September 23 2010 from http://home.olemiss.edu/~tharry/SH/lcshguide.pdf

Mason, M. K. (2010). How Useful are Library of Congress Subject Headings?. //MKM Rese@rch//. Retrieved on September 23 2010 from http://www.moyak.com/papers/library-congress-subject-headings.html

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

(Cataloging Cultural Objects) (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 80) || **CCO** (Coburn et al., 2009, p.1) || Cataloging Cultural Objects (**CCO**) is a data content standards initiative for the cultural heritage community. Sponsored by the Visual Resources Association Foundation, CCO activities center on educational efforts to promote widespread acceptance of cataloging best practices for the visual resources, museum, library, and archival communities. Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images (CCO) is a manual for describing, documenting, and cataloging cultural works and their visual surrogates. The primary focus of CCO is art and architecture, including but not limited to paintings, sculpture, prints, manuscripts, photographs, built works, installations, and other visual media. CCO also covers many other types of cultural works, including archaeological sites, artifacts, and functional objects from the realm of material culture (About CCO, 2006,¶1). || 20100918 || 53 ||
 * **CCO**


 * Bibliography**

About CCO. (2006). Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images. Retrieved online []

Coburn, E., Lanzi, E., O'Keefe, E., Stein, R., & Whiteside, A. (2009). L’expérience de cataloguer les objets culturels : codifier les pratiques de la communauté du patrimoine culturel//. IFLA//. Disponible en ligne à []

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.80) || **Classification décimale de Dewey (CDD)** (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p.72) || The Dewey Decimal System is a classification system created by Melvil Dewey, first published anonymously in 1876. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.78) It has been maintained by the OCLC since 1988 and is regularly updated by specialists from the Library of Congress. (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p.73) The most recent versions of the DDC are the 22nd edition (DDC 22), released by OCLC in 2003, and an abridged edition 14, specifically for small libraries, released in 2004. (OCLC, n.d.) The Dewey Decimal System is the most widely used classification system in the world, with public and school libraries in more than 135 countries using DDC to organize their collections. It has also been translated into over 30 languages. (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p.73) The DDC is structured hierarchically, dividing first into ten main classes. These classes each divide into a further ten divisions, and each division into ten sections, providing for 1000 possible subject sections. This is expressed by a three digit number,with the first digit representing the class, the second representing the division and the third representing the section. The three-digit subject section notation can be followed by a decimal point, after which division by 10 continues based on classification needs. (OCLC, n.d.)
 * **Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)**

The ten main classes are:

000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography (OCLC, n.d.)

Examples of more specific classifications are available online at: http://www.oclc.org/dewey/resources/summaries/ || 20100918 || 35 ||

Bibliography

OCLC. (n.d.) //A Brief Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification//. Retrieved from http://www.oclc.org/dewey/resources/summaries/

Salaün, J., Arsenault, C. (2009). //Introduction aux sciences de l’information//. Montreal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

Taylor, A. G., Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The Organization of Information// (3rd ed). Westport: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 78) || **Répertoire de Vedettes-matière de Sears** (EBSI - uMontréal, 2002) || “A subject heading from a list created by Minnie E. Sears, first published in 1923 for use in school libraries and small public libraries. Although it is based on Library of Congress subhect headings, the //Sears List of Subject Headings// published by H.W. Wilson is narrower in scope and its headings are more general. Small libraries supplement it with LC headings as needed.” (Reitz, 2010) The first edition was as //List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries//, but changed to //Sears List of Subject Heading// in 1950 with the 6th edition. Also available: the //Sears List of Subject Headings, Canadian Companion// (1978), the //Sears […] Spanish Edition// and the 20th edition, published in June 2010. The //List// can also be found on WilsonWeb database. || 20100918 || 18 ||
 * **English** || **Français** || **Definition** || **Date** || **Number** ||
 * //**Sears List of Subject Headings**//


 * Bibliography :**

École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information. (2002, October 16). Terminologie de base en sciences de l’information : volets 1 et 2//–// Vedette-matière. //Université de Montréal//. Retrieved September 18, 2010 from http://www.ebsi.umontreal.ca/termino/00000246.htm

Reitz, J. M. (March 9, 2010). ODLIS //- Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science//. Retrieved September 18, 2010 from [] Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). The organization of information (3rd ed). Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited. p. 78. The H.W. Wilson Company. (2010). Sears List of Subject Headings, 20th Edition. //The H. W. Wilson Company//. Retrieved September 18, 2010 from [] The H.W. Wilson Company. (2010). About WilsonWeb. //The H. W. Wilson Company//. Retrieved September 18, 2010 from []

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 80) || **Classification Décimale Universelle (CDU)** (Schuchmann & Öhman, 1964) || An elaborate expansion of Dewey Decimal Classification in which symbols are used in addition to arabic numerals to create longer notations, making it more flexible and precise than DDC and particularly suitable for the classification of specialized collections. Structured in such a way that new developments and new fields of knowledge can be easily incorporated, UDC is used to catalog reports, patents, and periodical articles, as well as books and media items. (Reitz, 2010). || 20100919 || 41 ||
 * **Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)**


 * Bibliography**

Reitz, J. M. (2010). ODLIS - Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. //ODLIS - Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science//. Retrieved September 14, 2010 from []

Schuchmann, M., Öhman, E., « La classification décimale universelle », //BBF//, 1964, p. 439-442 Consulté le 01 octobre 2010 []

Taylor, A. G., Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The Organization of Information// (3rd ed). Westport: Libraries Unlimited.

Art & Architecture Thesaurus (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 81) || **AAT** Art & Architecture Thesaurus (Vezina, 1998, ¶1 Art and Architecture Thesaurus) || The AAT is a structured vocabulary currently containing around 131,000 terms and other information about concepts. Terms in AAT may be used to describe art, architecture, decorative arts, material culture, and archival materials. Terms for any concept may include the plural form of the term, singular form, natural order, inverted order, spelling variants, various forms of speech, and synonyms that have various etymological roots. Among these terms, one is flagged as the preferred term, or //descriptor//. (Art & Architecture Thesaurus Online, 2010, ¶1 Scope and Structure) || 20100919 || 26 ||
 * **AAT**


 * Bibliography**

Art & Architecture Thesaurus Online. (2010). //About the AAT//. Retrieved September 19, 2010 from http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat/about.html.

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The Organization of Information//. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

Vezina, Kumiko. (1998). Survol du monde de l'indexation des images. //Cursus vol. 4 no 1//. Retrieved from http://www.ebsi.umontreal.ca/cursus/vol4no1/vezina.htm#1.4.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 76-77) || **Principes de Paris de 1961** (Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2010) || **Paris principles of 1961** International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP). A conference of cataloguers, bibliographers and library officers with cataloguing expertise was held in Paris, 9-18 October 1961, consequent upon a proposal made by the council of IFLA in 1957 to seek agreement on certain basic cataloguing principles. It was sponsored by IFLA with the object of reaching ‘agreement on basic principles governing the choice and form of entry in the alphabetical catalogue of authors and titles’. The definitive annotated edition of the //Statement of principles//, known as the Paris Principles, which was an outcome of this Conference and was mainly written by Dr Eva Verona, was published by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, London, in 1971. (Prytherch, 2005, p. 367) || 20100928 || 12 ||
 * **Paris principles of 1961**


 * Bibliography**

Bibliothèque nationale de France. (2010). //Principes internationaux de catalogage//. Retrieved September 28, 2010, from http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/print_cat/s.contexte_principes_internationaux_catalogage.html

Prytherch, R. (2005). //Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book : a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management//. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information (Library and Information Science Text Series)// (3rd ed.). Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited.


 * **Term in English** || **Traduction française** || **Definition** || **Date** || **No.** ||
 * **Pinakes** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 68) || **Pinakes** (Jacob, 2004, p.131) || "Pinax", the singular form of "Pinakes", is an ancient medium for recording information. Meaning "tray or dish", a Pinax had raised edges, which allowed wax to be poured and set in the centre tray. Once the wax had begun to harden, a stylus was used to write or imprint the information into the wax. Due to the fragile nature of this recording method, no remnants have yet been discovered. In the context of the history of information organization, Pinakes refers not only to the physical form, but also to the contents. Ancient writers quoted from the Pinakes of Alexandria, an early catalogue or bibliography of Greek literature, developed by Callimachus. Based on quotations from contemporary sources of the period referring to the Pinakes, "a few general categories were considered to be a sufficient subject approach". By looking up a general subject, such as Callimachus' categories of epic poetry, non-dramatic poetry, drama, law, philosophy, history, oratory, medicine, mathematical science, natural science, and miscellanea, a scholar could then locate a specific author within the subject. The arrangement system varied; subject entries could be arranged by classified, chronological, or alphabetical order (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 68-69).

Significantly, we are only able to be aware of the existence of Pinakes because of references made by other sources. || 20100919 || 72 ||


 * Bibliography**

Jacob, C. (2004). La construction de l'auteur dans le savoir bibliographique antique: à propos des Deipnosophistes d'Athénée. In C. Calame & R. Chartier (Eds.), //Identités d'auteur dans l'Antiquité et la tradition européenne// (pp. 127-158). Grenoble: Editions Jérôme Millon.

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 77) || **La description bibliographique** (Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2010) || La norme la plus universellement utilisé est la norme ISBD publiée en 1974, et qui jusqu’à tout récemment se déclinait en sept normes spécialisées selon les formats de documents. L’ISBD détermine premièrement les éléments qui doivent paraître dans la description bibliographique, et deuxièmement l’ordre dans lequel ces éléments doivent être présentés. L’ISBD prescrit également les éléments de la description, ainsi que quelques règles générales d’application. (Salaün & Arsenault,2009, p.57) || 20100920 || 64 ||
 * **Term in English** || **Traduction francaise** || **Definition** || **Date** || **No.** ||
 * **International Standard**
 * Bibliographic Description**
 * (ISBN)**
 * internationale normalisée**

Bibliothèque nationale de France (2010). //Description bibliographique internationale normalisée// //(ISBD).// Consult//é// le 20 septembre 2010 de http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/n_isbd/s.normes_isbd_presentation.html

Salaün, J., Arsenault, C. (2009). //Introduction aux sciences de l’information//. Montreal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 79) || **Colon Classification** (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p. 75) || Classification scheme devised by S.R. Ranganathan in the early 1930s; it was the first fully faceted classification scheme. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 449). It was called "Colon" because of its use of the "colon" punctuation mark as a major facet indicator. Ranganathan introduced the full faceted approach by means of classification notations constructed entirely from individual facets in a prescribed sequence from the most specific to the most general (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 79). || 20100920 || 58 ||
 * **Colon Classification**
 * Bibliography**

Salaün, J.-M. et Arsenault, C. (Eds.). (2009). I//ntroduction aux sciences de l'information//. Montréal : Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal.

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 81) || **lexique** (SIL, 2010) || In modern usage, a specialized dictionary or glossary of the words of a specific subject or field of study. Originally, a dictionary of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, or some other literary language (Reitz, 2010). || 20100920 || 75 ||
 * **lexicon**
 * Bibliography**

Reitz, J.M. (2010). //ODLIS (Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science).// Retrieved September 20, 2010 from []

SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics). (2010). //French/English glossary of linguistic terms//. Retrieved September 20, 2010 from []

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 80) || **Provenance** (OQLF, ¶ science de l'information ) || The origin or ownership trail of an archival document or collection, or of a museum object. In the case of an archival collection the origin may be an organization, office, or person that created, received, or accumulated and used the item or the records in the collection. In the case of a museum object, the origin may be a person, family, or other prior owner of the object, or it may be an archaeological expedition, or it may be the location where the natural history specimen was found. In the case of an art work, the provenance may be the prior owners of the art. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 467)
 * **Provenance**

Provenance is a fundamental principle of archives, referring to the individual, family, or organization that created or received the items in a collection. The principle of provenance or the//respect des fonds// dictates that records of different origins (provenance) be kept separate to preserve their context. (Pearce-Moses, 2005) || 20100920 || 93 || Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The Organization of Information// (3rd ed). Westport: Libraries Unlimited.
 * Bibliography**

Pearce-Moses, R. (2005). //A glossery of archival and records terminology//. Society of American Archivists. Retrieved September 20, 2010, from []

Office Quebecois de la langue française. (1969). Retrieved September 20, 2010, from Grand dictionnaire terminologique, []

(Government On-Line Metadata Working Group, 2006, ¶ 6) || 20100921 || 96 ||
 * **Classification** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.76) || **Classification** (Le Groupe de travail du Gouvernement en direct sur les métadonnées, 2006, ¶ 6) || Systematic identification and arrangement of business activities and/or records into categories according to logically structures conventions, methods, and procedural rules represented in a classification system.


 * Bibliography**

Government On-Line Metadata Working Group. (2006). //Appendix B: Glossary -// //Government of Canada Records Management Metadata Standard//. Retrieved from []

Le Groupe de travail du Gouvernement en direct sur les métadonnées. (2006). //Annexe B : Glossaire - Norme de métadonnées de la gestion des documents du gouvernement du Canada//. Disponible en ligne à []

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).


 * **Term in English** || **Traduction francaise** || **Definition** || **Date** || **Number** ||
 * Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2nd edition (AACR2) (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, pp.76-77). || Regles de la catalogage angle-americaines, 2eme ed. (AACR2) (Salaun & Clement, p.58). || In 1967 the //Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules// were published by the British and American librarians. The AACR rules were based on the Paris Principles, although they were different in some ways. AACR2 is the second edition of the AACR, published in 1978, for five reasons:

1. to bring non-book-materials into the mainstream.

2. to incorporate ISBD (Internationals Standard Bibliographic Description)

3. to take into account machine processing of bibliographic records.

4. to reconcicle the British and American texts.

5. to conform more closely to the Paris Principles.

Initially 4 major national libraries agreed to implement AACR2: Canada, United States, Australia and Great Britain.

AACR2 updates ceased the early 21st century and the creation of a new descriptive cataloguing content standard is in the works: //Resource Description and Access// (RDA) (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, pp.76-77). || 20100922 || 15 || Bibliography:

Salaün, J., Arsenault, C. (2009). //Introduction aux sciences de l’information//. Montreal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.81) || Iconclass || Iconclass is a subject-specific classification system. It is a hierarchically ordered collection of definitions of objects, people, events and abstract ideas that serve as the subject of an image. Art historians, researchers and curators use it to describe, classify and examine the subject of images represented in various media such as paintings, drawings and photographs. .... The three main components of Iconclass are: http://www.iconclass.nl/about-iconclass/what-is-iconclass || 20100921 || 47 ||
 * Iconclass
 * **Classification System**: 28,000 hierarchically ordered definitions divided into ten main divisions. Each definition consists of an alphanumeric classification code (notation) and the description of the iconographic subject (textual correlate). The definitions are used to index, catalogue and describe the subjects of images represented in works of art, reproductions, photographs and other sources.
 * **Alphabetical Index**: 14,000 keywords used for locating the notation and its textual correlate needed to describe and/or index an image.
 * **Bibliography**: 40,000 references to books and articles of iconographical interest (not yet online).
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

Iconclass website 2010, Retrieved September 21, 2010, from http://www.iconclass.nl/\\
 * **Term in English** || **Traduction francaise** || **Definition** || **Date** || **Number** ||
 * Collation

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 73) || Collation

(Ibid.) || Collation is a term used in the library world for a variety of different bibliographic purposes. In the context of cataloging, it was used in the French card catalogs that appeared after the French Revolution. It was added to the end of an entry and would detail "...the number of volumes, size, statement of illustration, the material of which the book was made, the kind of type, any missing pages, and a description of the binding if it was outstanding in any way." (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 73). In library cataloging, collation has become obsolete, but it continues to be used in a similar manner in the fields of codicology and binding (ODLIS, 2010, "C - collation"). It is also used as a term for the comparison of original documents in order to determine which document came first (Ibid). || 20100921 || 84 ||
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

Reitz, Joan M. March 9th, 2010. "C - collation". //ODLIS - Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science//. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited. Retrieved September 21st, 2010 from [|http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_c.cfm#collation]

**The Paris Principles : Additional information**
This is two interesting opinions of 1963 about The Paris Principles.

1- « The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP), […] succeeded in arriving at an agreement which was acceptable to the great majority of those present and which has become the basis of subsequent work on the revision of cataloguing codes in many countries. » (Chaplin, p. 41)

2- « From the viewpoint of the development of cataloguing principles the results of the Conference are naturally less remarkable. It is probably not realistic to expect that such developments could come from a large international gathering. Indeed, one of the disappointments of the Statement of Principles is the way in which it manages to ignore penetrating insights to be found in the Working Papers or the comments. There is no new contribution to cataloguing theory in the Statement of Principles. Some of the Principles are open to question. Some very important types of bibliographical problem are passed over in silence. The only fresh emphasis which arose from the Conference was constant recommendation of the use of multiple entries as a mean of resolving difficulties. » (Jolley, p. 61)

Presented by Tina Gervais, September 29, 2010.

Jolley. I. (1963). International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, II- Thoughts after Paris. //Journal of Documentation//. vol. 19. Iss. 2. 47-62.
(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.73) || **Catalogue sur fiches** (Université de Montréal, 2002) || A list of holdings of a library, printed, typed, or handwritten on catalog cards, each representing a single bibliographic item in the collection. Catalog cards are normally filed in a single alphabetical sequence (dictionary catalog), or in seperate sections by author, title, and subject (divided catalog), in the long narrow drawers of a specially designed filing cabinet, usually constructed of wood. Most large- and medium-sized libraries in the United States have converted their card catalogs to machine-readable format. ( Reitz, 2010) || 20100921 || 77 || Reitz, J. M. March 9, 2010. ODLIS - Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. //ODLIS - Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science//. Retrieved September 21, 2010 from [|http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_C.cfm#cardcatalog]
 * **Card catalog**
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series). October 16, 2002. Catalogue sur fiches. //Terminologie en base en science de l’information : volets 1 et 2//. Retrieved September 21, 2010, from []
 * **Analytical entry**(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.70) || **Accès analytique** || An entry in a library catalog for a part of a work (chapter in a book) or an entire work (story, play, essay, or poem) contained in an item, such as an anthology or collection, for which a comprehensive entry is also made. Analytical entries are made under the author, title, and subject of the part and include a reference to the title of the work containing the part. Because preparation of analytical entries is time-consuming, the level of bibliographic description provided in a catalog depends on the administrative policy of the library and its assessment of local needs. Synonymous with analytics.(Reitz, 2010, section 2-1-1.) || 20100922 || 31 ||
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

Reitz, J. M. (2010). //ODILS: Online dictionary for library and information science//. Retrieved from __ @http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_A.cfm __