08.+Access,+access+points,+and+authority+control


 * 8. Access, access points, and authority control**

 Desrichard, Y. (1998). Droit et ressources électroniques. //BBF,// 43(3). Retrieved from  [] Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. (3rd ed.) Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series). ||  ||
 * Manifestation (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.202) || « Manifestation »,est la matérialisation (une matérialisation) d’une œuvre donnée. C’est l’existence ou non de ce niveau qui conditionne la détermination d’un « work » ( Desrichard, 1998, ¶6)  || Manifestation is a way of giving a physical embodiment to any of the expressions of work (although "physical" should be interpreted loosely, as it might consist of electronic impulses in a computer, for example). It is the situation in which the same content is reproduced but the format might be different. For example Shakespeare's Hamlet can be expressed in the form of a play or a book. Manifestation is the third out of the four entities required by FRBR. First is a work by itself, second is an expression of the work, and forth is an item (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.202) || 20101020 || 31 ||
 * Bibliography

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 254) || **NACO** (OCLC, 2010) || **NACO** (the Name Authority Cooperative Program of Program for Cooperative Cataloging)Through this program participants contribute authority records for names, uniform titles, and series to the LC/NAF. An individual institution may join this program, or a group of libraries with a common interest may form a funnel project to contribute records via a coordinator. Purpose: Participants agree to follow a common set of standards and guidelines when creating or changing authority records in order to maintain the integrity of a large shared authority file.(Library of Congress, 2009) || 20100927 || 22 ||
 * **NACO**
 * Bibliography**

Library of Congress. (2009). //NACO:the name authority program component of the PCC.// Retrieved September 27, 2010, from http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/naco/.

OCLC. (2010). //Acitivités associées aux normes et protocoles.// Retrieved September 27, 2010, from http://www.oclc.org/ca/fr/community/standards/default.htm

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3 rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn. :Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

Bibliography
 * **Authority Control** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 249) || **Contrôle d'autorité** (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p.60) || The result of the process of maintaining consistency of forms of headings and the further process of showing relationships among headings - all for the purpose of collocation. Following this process means that headings in surrogate records are consistent with the character strings for those headings established in the authority file. One form may be identified as the authorized one to be used as a heading, with the others designated as references; or every variant name, fault display. In either case as searcher may use any of the forms to gain access to information resources related to the name, title, or subject. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 444) || 20101014 || 67 ||

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information.// Westport, Conn. :Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

Salaün, J. M. & Arsenault, C. (Eds.). (2009). //Introduction aux science////s de l'information.// Montréal: Les Presses de L'Université de Montréal.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.255) || **InterParty** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.255 || **InterParty** was a project developed in April 2002 under the auspices of the European Commission's Information Society Technologies Program (interparty.org, 2009). InterParty was a research initiative that examined the different possibilities for authority files, working with a variety of groups (particularly in the artistic/musical community) and their databases. InterParty began to focus on making prototype for an interoperable network that would allow these groups to verify identities in their databases through an online Directory of Parties (Ibid). It also suggested that through this link, participating organizations could share 'non-confidential metadata' which would allow InterParty's proposed network to link records that are similar and ask the individual database admins to verify whether or not certain records were for the same person (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 256). InterParty is now defunct, having ended in June 2003 (interparty.org, 2009). || 20101020 || 84 ||
 * **InterParty**

Bibliography.

InterParty.org. (2009). Interparty >> technology; europe; parties; databases. Retrieved from, http://www.interparty.org/

Taylor, A.G. and Joudrey, D.N. (2009). Metadata: Access and Authority Control. //The organization of information.// (pp. 255-6). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.


 * **Taxonomy** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 248) || **Taxonomie** (Conseil du Trésor du Canada, 2003, Taxonomie ¶1) || Taxonomy is the practice of classification. It is often used in biology to classify living things by species, genera, families etc (Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, 2002, Taxonomy ¶1). In information studies, according to Library and Archives Canada, taxonomy is a classification based on a pre-determined system that organizes information into classes and sub-classes to assist in information retrieval (as cited in Conseil du Trésor du Canada, 2003, Taxonomie ¶1).

"[It is] usually in a restricted subject field that is arranged to show presumed natural relationships (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.474)."

The “Browse by subject” feature often seen on websites is an example of a taxonomy. (Conseil du Trésor du Canada, 2003, Taxonomie ¶1) || 20101023 || 96 ||
 * Bibliography **

Conseil du Trésor du Canada. (2003). //Glossaire - Sujet : Classification//. Disponible en ligne à []

Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences. (2002). //Glossary of Useful Words and Terms//. Retrieved from []

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 279) || **Titre uniforme** (Normes MARC, 2009, ¶1 ) || **Uniform title** is a title chosen for a work so that all manifestations will be displayed together under the same primary access point and also will be displayed together among all the entries for that access point. Uniform titles are also used to distinguish between and among different works that have the same title (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 475). || 20101025 || 53 ||
 * **Uniform title**
 * Bibliography**

Normes MARC. (2009). Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. Disponible en ligne à []

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).


 * **Getty Vocabularies** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 291) || **Le programme de vocabulaire du Getty** (Organismes normalisation, 2006, ¶ 2) || The **Getty Vocabularies** also known as the Getty Vocabulary Program is an initiative by the J. Paul Getty Trust at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California. It's main purpose is to provide a controlled vocabulary for terms and names relating to cultural objects. This includes "people, places things, and concepts relating to art, architecture, and material culture" (Getty Vocabulary Program, 2010, ¶ 1). The provided thesauri are compliant with ISO and NISO standards. Currently the program provides three active vocabularies, the "Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)®", the "Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)®", and the "Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)®". A new vocabulary, the "Cultural Objects Name Authority (CONA)TM" is slated for release in 2011 and will provide authority records for cultural objects handled in museums (Getty Vocabulary Program, ¶ 4-6). || 20101027 || 29 ||
 * Bibliography**

Getty Vocabulary Program. (2010). //The J. Paul Getty Trust//. Retrieved on October 27 2010 from http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/.

Organismes normalisation. (2006). //Réseau Canadien d'Information sur le Patrimoine//. Récupérée le 27 Octobre 2010 à http://www.pro.rcip-chin.gc.ca/normes-standards/organismes_normalisation-standards_organizations-fra.jsp.

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The Organization of Information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

(Taylor & Joudrey 2009, p. 291) || **Encoded Archival Context** (EAC) Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2010 ¶ 1) || **Encoded Archival Context** is an archival standard for encoding the data in archival authority records. EAC uses XML for encoding and describes the creators of archival collections. EAC control all the different forms of name used by a person or corporate body. It also describes functions, activities and characteristics of those persons or corporate bodies. This is important because creator descriptions facilitate interpretation of archival records, in addition to facilitating access. As stated in Taylor and Joudrey, "Understanding the lives and work of people and groups who created the archival collections is essential to understanding the archival records that are the byproducts of those lives and activities." (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009)
 * **Encoded Archival Context** (EAC)

Data encoded with EAC is intended for use in federated database applications and collaborative research. EAC is complementary to the UNIMARC/Authorities format, combining library authority records and archival authority records, giving information both about the creator and the context of creation of archival material (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009). || 20101027 || 58 ||
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

Bibliothèque nationale de France.(2010). //EAC-CPF : Encoded Archival Context - Corporate bodies, Persons, Families.// Retrieved from [|http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/formats_catalogage/a.f_eac.html.]


 * **General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD (G)) **. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 286) || **Norme générale et international de description archivistique **(Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p. 39)  || An international content standard for archival description. It is used with national standards or as a basis for developing national standards for archival description. It is a foundation //for Describing Archives: A Content Standard//. . (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 457) || 20101028 || 62 ||

**Bibliography **

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Leroux, É. , //& al//. (2009). Les Professions et les Institutions. In Salaün, J.- M. & Arsenault, C. (Eds.), //Introduction aux sciences de l'information.// (pp. 15-52). Montréal: Les Presses de L'Université de Montréal.

Metadata Authority Description Schema (Taylor & Joudrey 2009, p. 285) || **MADS** (Vaux & Dalbin, 2006) || MADS is an XML schema for authorities, derivable from MARC authorities and depending on the XML bib format MODS for some of its substructural definitions. (McCallum, 2005) A MADS record includes one or more items. […] An item is an, , or element. There must be exactly one and there may be any number of and/or items. The items are followed by miscellaneous additional elements. Each item has one or more descriptors. Each record may also have elements that contain references to the authoritative heading (LOC, 2010). A MADS record can be as basic or extensive as required and can be customized to the level of description desired […] (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009). Ce schéma n’est pas disponible ne français. || 20101029 || 18 || **Bibliography**
 * **Term** || **Traduction Française** || **Definition** || **Date** || **no**. ||
 * **MADS**

MADS. (2010). //The Library of Congress//. Retrieved October 29, 2010 from http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/

McCallum, S. H. (2005). MADS (Metadata Authority Desceiption Schema), A MODS Companion. //Lita, Library & Information Technology Association//. Retrieved October 29, 2010 from []

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). The organization of information, (3rd ed.). Westport, conn. : Libraries Unlimited.

Vaux, M. B. de, Dalbin, S. (2006). Journée d’étude ADBS-INTD: Métadonnées et valorization de l’information. //Documentaliste-Sciences de l’Information//, 43(2). Retrieved October 29, 2010 from http://www.cairn.info/revue-documentaliste-sciences-de-l-information-2006-2-page-144.htm#plan

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.287) || **Describing Archives: a Content Standard (DACS)** (Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2010, ¶4) || DACS is a standard that has been accepted and used by the U.S. archival community in the way that AACR2 is used by the library community. DACS has three parts- one for describing archival materials, one for describing creators, and one for forms of names. (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009) DACS guides archivists and catalogers in creating robust descriptive systems and descriptive records. DACS extends the skeletal rules for archival materials that comprise chapter 2 of AACR2. It provides both specific rules for describing archives and illustrates how these rules might be implemented in MARC and EAD format. It includes crosswalks to these and other standards. (SAA, 2010) || 20101031 || 64 || Bibliothèque nationale de France. (2010). Description des manuscrits et fond d'archives modernes et contemporains en bibliothèque. Retrieved October 31, 2010 from http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/normes_catalogage/a.ead_demarch.html
 * Term || Traduction française || Definition || Date || No. ||
 * **Describing Archives: a Content Standard (DACS)**

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). The organization of information, (3rd ed). Westport, conn. : Libraries Unlimited.

The Society of American Archivists. (2010). Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS). Retrieved October 31, 2010 from http://www.archivists.org/governance/standards/dacs.asp

Mediadico (2010), Retrieved from http://www.mediadico.com/dictionnaire/anglais-francais/collocation/1
 * **Collocation** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 250) || **Collocation** (Mediadico, 2010) || In library cataloging, the process of bringing together all the bibliographic records representing works by the same author, of variant titles, of different editions, of the same series, or on closely related subjects, by assigning the same access point to facilitate retrieval. For example, the preparation of entries under a heading for the predominant name of an author who wrote under one or more pseudonyms. Collocation often requires the use of cross-references to direct the user to the authorized form of the name, title, subject heading, etc(Reits, 2010). || 20101031 || 93 ||

Reits, J.M. (2010, March). //Online dictionary for library and information science//. Retrieved from http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_c.cfm#collocation

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information,// (3rd ed). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 288) || **CCO** (**Cataloging Cultural Objects**) (IFLA, 2009) || A content standard for communities that describe works of art, architecture, cultural artifacts, and images. It prescribes the data values and defines the order, syntax, and form in which the values are to be entered into a data structure (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009).
 * **CCO**
 * (Cataloging Cultural Objects)**

The primary focus of CCO is art and architecture, including but not limited to paintings, sculpture, prints, manuscripts, photographs, built works, installations, and other visual media. CCO also covers many other types of cultural works, including archaeological sites, artifacts, and functional objects from the realm of material culture (IFLA, 2009). || 20101101 || 41 ||
 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

IFLA (2009). //The Cataloging Cultural Objects Experience: Codifying Practice for the Cultural Heritage Community.// Retrieved from [|__http://www.ifla.org/files/hq/papers/ifla75/107-coburn-en.pdf__]

IFLA (2009). //L////’expérience de Cataloguer les Objets Culturels : Codifier les Pratiques de la Communauté du Patrimoine Culturel.// Retrieved from []

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 254) || **Fichier d'autorité** (Tsvetkova & Selivanova,1999) || An authority file is a file in which authority records are accumulated and stored for the purposes of being applied to bibliographic records. In this way, authority files are separate from bibliographic files, although metadata for information resources are often linked with the authority files that contain metadata for names, works, and subjects (Taylor & Joudrey, p. 254). Authority files are the means by which authority control is maintained by allowing for the dissemination and utilization of existing standardized terminologies when cataloging information records. Examples of authority files include: The Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF) and the Getty Vocabulary tools (p. 254). || 20101101 || 35 ||
 * **Authority File**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information,// (3rd ed). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.

Tsvetkova, Irina & Selivanova, Julia. (1999, August). Problèmes du developpement du Fichier d'autorité-matière national russe. // Proceedings of the 65 //// th //// IFLA Council and General Conference //. Retrieved from: []

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 285) || **Groupe de travail du DCMI sur les Agents** (IFLA, 2009, p. 9) || Dublin Core Agents are part of a project begun in 1998 by the Dublin Core community to meet the need for agent records to complement and be linked to metadata records for information resources (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 285). "Agent" refers to creators, contributors, and publishers. Functional requirements for describing agents are being developed by the DCMO Agents Working Group, which intends to identify existing conventions for agent description. They also plan to develop a recommendation for an agent element set and provide input to the DCMI Architecture working group on ways to link resource description records to agent records (2009, p. 285).
 * **DCMI Agents Working Group**

According to the DCMI Agents Working Group, their temporary working definition of "Agent" is: A //person// (author, publisher, sculptor, editor, director, etc.) or a //group// (organization, corporation, library, orchestra, country, federation, etc.) or an //automaton// (weather recording device, software translation program, etc.) that has a role in the lifecycle of a resource (DCMI, 2010). || 20101101 || 72 || Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.)//.// Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

DCMI Agents Working Group. (2010). //Background//. Retrieved from []

IFLA. (2009). //Principes Internationaux de catalogage//. Retrieved from []

(Taylor and Joudrey, 2009, p.274) || **Entrée Principale** (Reseau des bibliothèque de Suisse occidentale, 2009) || 1. "An access point printed at the top (head) of a copy of a surrogate record or at the top of a listing of related works in an online retrieval tool" (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 457). 2. "The exact string of characters of the authorized form of an access point as it appears in the authority record" (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 458). 3. "A name, word or phrase placed at the head of a catalogue entry to provide an access point" (Joint Steering Committee of AACR, 2005). || 20101101 || 86 ||
 * **Heading**
 * Bibliography**

Joint Steering Committee of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (JSC-AACR). (2005). //Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules// (2nd ed.) Ottawa, ON: Canadian Library Association.

Reseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale (RERO). (2009). //Manuel AACR2 : Annexe F (RERO)// (3). Retrieved from []

Taylor, Arlene G. and Joudrey, Daniel N. (2009). //The organization of information.// (3rd ed.). Westport CT: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

<span style="display: inline !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">**Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 259) || **FRSAR** (Zeng & Zumer, 2009, ¶1 Resume) || FRSAR is a model that is part of the "FRBR family". Its aim is to address subject authority data issues and to investigate the direct and indirect uses of subject authority data by a wide range of users (Salaba, Zumer, Zeng, & Chan, 2008, slides 5 & 8). || 20101102 || 26 ||
 * **FRSAR**
 * Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records**


 * Bibliography**

Salaba, A., Zumer, M., Zeng, M., & Chan, L. M. (2008). //Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (FRSAR): A Conceptual Model of Aboutness// [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://presentations.ala.org/images/a/af/FRSAR-ALA2008-ACIG.ppt

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,mono; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Zeng, M., & Zumer, M. (2009). //Introduction a FRSAD et mise en correspondance avec SKOS et d'autres modeles//. Retrieved from http://www.ifla.org/files/hq/papers/ifla75/200-zeng-fr.pdf


 * **International Standard Archival** **Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (ISAAR (CPF))** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 286) || ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Norme internationale sur les notices d'autorité archivistiques relatives <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> aux collectivités, aux personnes et aux familles (ISAAR (CPF)) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Library of Congress, 2010, para. 1) || A content standard that provides guidance on creating archival authority records for corporate bodies, persons, and families who have created and maintained the records, documents, and other resources that comprise archives (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 460). || 20101102 || 75 ||
 * Bibliography**

Library of Congress. (2010). //Cataloguer's Desktop: Resource List//. Retrieved November 2, 2010 from []

Taylor, A. G., & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 256) || **Norme Z39.50** (Salaün & Arsenault, 2009, p.125) || "A national standard that provides for the exchange of information, such a surrogate records or full text, between otherwise non compatible computer systems." (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 478) || 20101102 || 47 || Bibliography
 * **Z39.50**

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information.// Westport, Conn. :Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series).

Salaün, J. M. & Arsenault, C. (Eds.). (2009). //Introduction aux science////s de l'information.// Montréal: Les Presses de L'Université de Montréal.

Bibliography
 * **Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)** (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.258) || **Protocole pour la collecte de métadonnées de l'Initiative pour les Archives ouvertes (OAI-PMH)** (Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2010) || The OAI-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) defines a mechanism for harvesting records containing metadata from repositories. The OAI-PMH gives a simple technical option for data providers to make their metadata available to services, based on the open standards HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) and XML (Extensible Markup Language). The metadata that is harvested may be in any format that is agreed by a community (or by any discrete set of data and service providers), although unqualified Dublin Core is specified to provide a basic level of interoperability. Thus, metadata from many sources can be gathered together in one database, and services can be provided based on this centrally harvested, or "aggregated" data. The link between this metadata and the related content is not defined by the OAI protocol. It is important to realise that OAI-PMH does not provide a search across this data, it simply makes it possible to bring the data together in one place. In order to provide services, the harvesting approach must be combined with other mechanisms. (Carpenter, 2003) || 20101103 || 12 ||

Bibliothèque nationale de France. (2010). //OAI-PMH//. Retrieved November 3, 2010, from http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/protocoles_echange_donnees/a.proto_oai.html

Carpenter, L. (2003). //OAI for Beginners: Overview//. Retrieved November 3, 2010, from Open Archives Forum online tutorial: http://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/english/page1.htm

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information. (3rd ed.) (Library and information sciences text series)// Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.