Metadata+--+Encoding+standards

Metadata: Encoding standards

Information (supplied by your group) about the encoding standards you present on October 6, 2010**.**

(BookNet Canada, 2009a, ¶ 1). || **ONIX** || A "standard format or 'language' that publishers use when distributing electronic information about books to wholesale, e-tail and retail booksellers, other publishers, and any other supply chain partner involved in the production, review or sale of books" (BookNet Canada, 2009a, ¶ 1). || 20101005 ||  ||  “[A DTD] gives advance notice of what names and structures can be used in a particular document type, so that all documents that belong to a particular type will be alike. It can be thought of as a template for a particular type of document.” (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p.145) || 20101005 ||   || educational and chain retailers, industry associations, wholesalers and distributors" (2009b, ¶ 4). Run by a board of directors, BookNet relies on support from the Department of Canadian Heritage and the Government of Canada through the Canadian Book Fund (2009b, ¶ 5). || 20101006 ||  ||
 * **Term in English** || **Traduction française** || **Definition** || **Date** || **No. (Group)** ||
 * **(ONIX Presentation)** ||  ||   || 20101004 || **ONIX** ||
 * **ONIX (ONline Information eXchange)**
 * **Document Type Definition (DTD)** (Leeds Electronic Text Centre, 2009, DTD (Document Type Definition), ¶1). || **Définition de type de document (DTD)** (Conseil du Trésor du Canada, 2003, Définition de type de documents / Document Type Definition, ¶1) || “A DTD describes formal rules governing the structure of the elements and attributes that make up a document annotated with structural markup, such as XML or SGML. This is necessary because these languages are extensible, that is users can create their own elements ... The DTD can be stored either within the document, or in a separate file (Leeds Electronic Text Centre, 2009, DTD (Document Type Definition), ¶1).”
 * **BIC** || **BIC** || Book Industry Communication (BIC) is an independent organisation in the U.K. set up and sponsored by the Publishers Association, Booksellers Association, the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals and the British Library to promote supply chain efficiency in all sectors of the book world through e-commerce and the application of standard processes and procedures. (BIC, n.d.a). BIC is committed to improving the efficiency of the trade and library supply chains, reducing costs and automating processes. (BIC, n.d.b) || 20101005 ||  ||
 * **BookNet Canada** (BookNet Canada, 2009b) || **BookNet Canada** || BookNet Canada is a not-for-profit agency "responsible for driving technology innovation for Canadian publishers, distributors and booksellers" (BookNet Canada, 2009b, ¶ 1). BookNet is a source for Bibliographic Data, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Sales Data Analysis, international standards, and technology and service sourcing (2009b, ¶ 2). It provides trading services, technology standards, market research, and manages salesdata for national book sales by tracking 75% of Canadian book sales, in addition to hosting events and conferences (2009b, ¶ 3). It has stakeholders in the publishing industry "ranging from independent,
 * **BISG** || **BISG** || The Book Industry Study Group (BISG) is a U.S. book trade association. (BISG 2010a). BISG actively promotes book industry standards and best practices throughout the supply chain. (BISG 2010b). BISG is a membership association, providing services for members such as free research publications, receiving free BISAC subject headings, attending key book industry events and influencing industry standards and best practices. BISG manages the BISAC subject headings, also known as the BISAC subject codes list, a standard used throughout the supply chain to categorize books based on topical content.(BISG 2010c). || 20101005 ||  ||
 * **EDItEUR** || **EDItEUR** || EDItEUR is the international group coordinating development of the standards infrastructure for electronic commerce in the book and serials sectors. EDItEUR provides its membership with research, standards and guidance in such diverse areas as:


 * EDI and other e-commerce standards for book and serial transactions
 * Bibliographic and product information
 * The standards infrastructure for digital publishing
 * Rights management and trading
 * Radio frequency identification tags

Established in 1991, EDItEUR is a truly international organisation with 90 members from 17 countries, including Australia, Canada, Japan, South Africa, United States and most of the European countries. (EDItEUR, 2009, Introduction, ¶1) || 20100106 ||  ||
 * **XML Schema Definition Language (XSD)** (XML Schema Working Group, 2009, Status, ¶2) || **XML Schema** (Groupe de travail sur XML Schema, 2009, Introduction, ¶1) || The XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) helps define structures and properties of XML documents. The schema language is XML-based and extends the capabilities found in XML document type definitions (DTDs).(XML Schema Working Group, 2009, 1.2 Purpose, ¶2) || 20101005 ||  ||
 * **RELAX NG** (Makoto, 2010, Introduction, ¶1) || **RELAX NG** (Organization for the Advancement, 2001, Résumé, ¶1) || “RELAX NG is a simple schema language for XML ... A RELAX NG schema specifies a pattern for the structure and content of an XML document …A RELAX NG schema is itself an XML document (Organization for the Advancement, 2001, Abstract, ¶1).”

The RELAX NG specifications were developed by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) and the RELAX NG Technical Committeee. It is also an International Standard based on the earlier TREX schema. (Makoto, 2010, Introduction, ¶1) || 20101005 ||   ||
 * **Additional Links and Resources** ||  || The following websites provide comprehensive guidelines for and applications of ONIX:
 * BookNet Canada:** [|www.booknetcanada.ca]
 * Book Industry Communication (BIC):** [|www.bic.org.uk]
 * Book Industry Study Group (BISG):** [|www.bisg.org]
 * EDItEUR:** [|www.editeur.org/] || 20101005 ||  ||
 * Bibliography**

BookNet Canada. (2009a). //ONIX and ONIX toolset.// Retrieved at []

BookNet Canada. (2009b). //About BookNet Canada//. Retrieved at []

Book Industry Study Group (BISG). (2010a). About Book Industry Study Group. Retrieved from [].

Book Industry Study Group (BISG). (2010b). What We Do. Retrieved from [].

Book Industry Study Group (BISG). (2010c). Become a Member. Retrieved from [].

Book Industry Communication (BIC). (n.d.a) Welcome to the BIC. Retrieved from [].

Book Industry Communication (BIC). (n.d.b). About BIC. Retrieved from [].

Conseil du Trésor du Canada. (2003). Glossaire - Sujet : Langue. Retrieved from []   EDItEUR. (2009). Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.editeur.org/2/About/ Groupe de travail sur XML Schema. (2009). XML Schema tome 0. Retrieved from http://xmlfr.org/w3c/TR/xmlschema-0/ Leeds Electronic Text Centre. (2009). Glossary of Technical Terms. Retrieved from [|http://etext.leeds.ac.uk/glossary.html] Makoto, Murata. (2010). RELAX NG home page. Retrieved from [] Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. (2001). RELAX NG Tutorial. Retrieved from http://relaxng.org/tutorial-20011203.html Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. (2001). Tutoriel RELAX NG. Retrieved from [] Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series). XML Schema Working Group. (2009). W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD). Retrieved from []

(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 153) || **MARCXML** (LAC-BAC, 2008) || One of two XML schemas developed by the Library of Congress for the conversion of MARC 21 records into a XML format.(Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 153)." MARCXML schema supports the XML markup of full MARC 21 records" (Taylor &Joudrey, 2009, p. 153). It includes a toolkit for the conversion of records into a different format such as Dublin Core as well as stylesheets for display customization (LOC, 2004). It simply takes a MARC 21 record and duplicates it into a XML format so that the record can then be further transformed for other applications such as an HTML interface (McCallum, 2005). The main objectives of MARCXML are: transformation, presentation and analysis (LOC, 2004). || 20101005 || MARCXML & MODS GROUP || Library and Archives Canada-Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. (2008). //Politiques, lignes directrices et outils sur le matériel numérique. Retrieved on October 4, 2010, from []// Library of Congress (2004). //MARC 21 XML schema.// Retrievd on October 2, 2010 from []
 * **MARCXML**
 * Bibliography**

McCallum, Sally H. (2005). World library and information congress: 71th IFLA conference and council: Libraries-a voyage to discover. OSlo, Norway. Retrieved on October 2, 2010 from []

Taylor, Arlene, G. & Joudrey, Daniel, N. (2009). //The organization of information.// (3rd ed.) Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information science text series)

Library and Archives Canada-Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. (2008). //Politiques, lignes directrices et outils sur le matériel numérique.// Retrieved on October 4, 2010, from []
 * **Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS**) (LOC, 2010) || **Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)** (LAC-BAC, 2008) || MODS is one of two XML schemas developed by the Library of Congress (Taylor and Joudrey, 2009, p. 153). It is used to enhance description of electronic resources and library applications. "It is an XML schema that transfers selected data from existing MARC 21 records into an XML environment" (Taylor and Joudrey, 2009, p. 153). It is also possible to create original metadata records in MODS (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 153). MODS uses language based tags as opposed to numeric ones found in MARC 21 (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 153). "Because it is only a subset of MARC, after records have been converted to MODS they cannot be converted back to MARC 21 without a loss of data" (Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 153) || 20101005 || MARCXML AND MODS GROUP ||
 * Bibliography**

Library of Congress. (2010). //Metadata object description schema.// Retrieved on October 5, 2010 from []

Taylor, Arlene, G. and Joudrey, Daniel N. (2009). //The organization of information.// (3rd ed.) Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimted. (Library and information science text series).


 * **TEI (Text Encoding Iniative)** (Taylor & Joudrey, p. 147) || La **TEI** (TEI U5 FR: La TEI simplifiée, 1996, 1 Introduction) || The acronym TEI signifies “text encoding initiative”. It is a national organization, which was founded more than twenty years ago in order to develop guidelines for encoding machine-readable texts. Both the anarchy that dominates the scientific community and the increasing number of treatment that researchers execute on electronic text are a big part of TEI origin. These guidelines can be used by anyone working with digital text. It can be used to create new information or to exchange existing data. TEI is funded by members and grants. The guide can be viewed online, free of charge, but a hard copy can also be purchased. You can also become a member by registering online.

The main goal of the Text Encoding Initiative is to develop and maintain a set of high-quality guidelines for the encoding of humanities texts. These guidelines require ongoing development and research, as they hope to describe a textual domain that is still being explored and support research approaches that are still evolving. The TEI hopes to be supported by a wide community of projects, institutions, and individuals. Therefore, their guidelines are made available online in various formats such as HTML, PDF, and XML source, and also in print through the University of Virginia Press. The guidelines are also published in many other languages besides English, including French. Many resources are available for learning the TEI guidelines, and these include training sessions provided by members of the TEI community and online tutorials.

The TEI Guidelines were created in response to an overwhelming need to have a compatible system to create sustainable and shareable archives. The intellectual foundation for Text Encoding Initiative was articulated at a meeting of various scholars in 1987. By 1994, an official version of the Guidelines (‘P3’) was released. The TEI Consortium, an international membership organization, was created in 1999 to maintain, continue developing and promote the TEI.

The TEI Consortium is organized as a non-profit membership consortium, led by a Board of Directors composed by both elected and non-elected representatives. The Board of Directors provide strategic direction and fiscal oversight, organize the TEI’s main activities, and coordinate fundraising and member recruiting. Members and subscribers of the TEI Consortium are institutions such as universities, libraries, academic projects, research units, and individuals. The TEI is supported financially and logistically by four host institutions, which make an annual host contribution of cash and in-kind services in support of the TEI's activities. With the exception of some administrative and editorial functions, all of the TEI's activities are conducted on a volunteer basis.

(TEI: FAQ, 2010) || 20101005 || TEI GROUP ||


 * Bibliography**

Taylor, A. G. & Joudrey, D. N. (2009). //The organization of information//. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

TEI: FAQ. (2010). //TEI: Text Encoding Initiative//. Retrieved on October 4 2010 from http://www.tei-c.org/About/faq.xml.

TEI U5 FR: La TEI simplifiée. (1996). //TEI: Text Encoding Initiative//. Récupérée le 4 Octobre 2010 à http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/Lite/teiu5_fr.html#toc_SEC1.

Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, p. 151) || **Description archivistique encodée** (Archives de France, n.d) || **Encoded Archival Description (EAD)** is an emerging standard used internationally in an increasing number of archives and manuscripts libraries to encode data describing corporate records and personal papers. The individual descriptions are variously called finding aids, guides, handlists, or catalogs. While archival description shares many objectives with bibliographic description, it differs from it in several essential ways. From its inception, EAD was based on SGML, and, with the release of EAD version 1.0 in 1998, it is also compliant with XML. EAD was, and continues to be, developed by the archival community. While development was initiated in the United States, international interest and contribution are increasing. EAD is currently administered and maintained jointly by the Society of American Archivists and the United States Library of Congress. Developers are currently exploring ways to internationalize the administration and maintenance of EAD to reflect and represent the expanding base of users. (Pitti,Daniel V., 1999)
 * **Encoded Archival Description (EAD)**

**EAD History** began as a project at the library of the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. The project's goal was to see if it was possible to go beyond MARC, and to develop a more comprehensive encoding standard for machine-readable finding aids (ie indexes created by library, archives, museums and manuscript repositories). Although based at Berkeley, the team worked collaboratively with a variety of other institutions and with archivists and other information professionals from the start. The project was led by Daniel Pitti, who determined that the encoding standard ought to: 1. Present extensive and interrelated descriptive information found in archival finding aids 2. Preserve hierarchical relationships between levels of description 3. Represent description information inherited from one hierarchical relationship to another 4. Move within a hierarchical informational structure 5. Support for element specific indexing and retrieval (Thibodeau, Kiesling, Spindle, & Barry, 2002)

**Deciding on a coding language** At the start, the Berkeley team reviewed several different encoding languages to develop the system in, including Gopher (flat ASCII text), ASCII and HTML tag markups, MARC tagging (based on Z39.3/ISE2709), etc. The team decided to use SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), as it fit all functional requirements and it happened to be one of the more interoperable options at the time- as it could be used with a variety of software. Its rules also allowed the software it was used with to control searching, retrieval, and how documents would be displayed (Thibodeau, Kiesling, Spindle, & Barry, 2002)

**EAD, Completion** The official 1.0 version of EAD was initially delayed in order to make sure that it was modified in order to permit greater interoperability with Extensible Markup Language (XML) which was also close to finishing development at the time. Eventually, it was finally released at the end of August 1998.EAD's DTD and accompanying tag library were added to an official site hosted on Library of Congress Serves in Autumn 1998.A new version of EAD was released in 2002. (Thibodeau, Kiesling, Spindle, & Barry, 2002) || 20101006 || EAD Group || Archives de France. (n.d). //Informatisation de la description : la DTD EAD (Encoded Archival Description).// Retrieved from http://www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr/gerer/classement/normes-outils/ead/
 * Bibliography**

Pitti,Daniel V. (1999). //Encoded Archival Description// //: an introduction and overview//**.** Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november99/11pitti.html

Taylor, A.G. & Joudrey, D.N. (2009). //The organization of information// (3rd ed.). Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited. (Library and information sciences text series).

Thibodeau, S. G., Kiesling, K., Spindle, R. ,& Barry, R. K. (2002). //Development of the Encoded Archival Description//. Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/ead/eaddev.html